The inter-State river water sharing disputes are settled with the publication of decisions of respective Tribunal. In the Constitution of India, water is a matter included in Entry 17 of List-II i.e. State List. In this article, we are giving the list of major Inter-State water disputes according to the report of the Ministry of Water Resources (Government of India) which is very useful for the competitive examinations like UPSC-prelims, SSC, State Services, NDA, CDS, and Railways etc.
The inter-State river water sharing disputes are settled with the publication of decisions of respective Tribunal. However, project specific inter-state issues related to these basins continue to engage the attention of Central Government/Supreme Court and are being dealt with on a case to case basis by appropriate authorities.
Major Inter-State Water disputes in India
The major Inter-State water disputes according to the report of the Ministry of Water Resources (Government of India) are discussed below:
1. Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal
States concerned: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh & Odisha
Date of constitution: April, 1969
Present Status: Award given on July, 1980
2. Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal –I
States concerned: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
Date of constitution: April, 1969
Present Status: Award given on May, 1976
3. Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal
States concerned: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra
Date of constitution: October, 1969
Present Status: Award given on December, 1979
4. Ravi & Beas Water Tribunal
States concerned: Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan
Date of constitution: April, 1986
Present Status: Report and decision given in April, 1987. Clarification / explanation sought from the Tribunal by the party States. Also, a Presidential Reference in the matter is before Supreme Court and as such the matter is sub-judice.
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5. Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal
States concerned: Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
Date of constitution: June, 1990
Present Status: Report and decision given on 5.2.2007. A Special Leave Petition (SLP) filed by party States in Hon’ble Supreme Court, as such the matter is sub-judice.
6. Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal –II
States concerned: Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra
Date of constitution: April, 2004
Present Status: Report and decision given on 30.12. 2010. However, as per Supreme Court Order dated 16.9.2011, till further order, decision taken by the Tribunal on references filed by States and Central Government shall not be published in the official Gazette. As such, matter is sub-judice. Term of the Tribunal has been extended for a further period of two years w.e.f. 1st August, 2014 to address the terms of reference as contained in section 89 of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The term of KWDT-II has further extended for period of one year w.e.f. 1st August, 2016. The matter is under adjudication in the Tribunal. The Government of Telangana has filed a SLP 33623-26 of 2014 and WP(C) 545 of 2015 in the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the matter. The matter is sub-judice.
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7. Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal
States concerned: Andhra Pradesh &Odisha
Date of constitution: February, 2010
Present Status: Report and decision not given by the Tribunal. State of Odisha has filed an SLP in Supreme Court against the appointment of one of the Members of the Tribunal. The SLP in the matter filed by the State of Odisha in the Supreme Court is pending. The matter is sub-judice. Besides, Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal in its Order dated 17.12.2013 has directed to constitute a 3-member Protem Supervisory Flow Management and Regulation Committee on River Vansadhara to implement its Order. State Govt. of Odisha has filed Special Leave to Appeal (Civil) No.3392 of 2014 with regard to the Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal Judgement dated 17.12.2013. The matter is sub-judice.
8. Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal
States concerned: Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra
Date of constitution: November, 2010
Present Status: Report and Decision not given by the Tribunal.
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List of Major Inter-State Water disputes in India
Name of Tribunal | Description |
1. Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal | States concerned: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh & Odisha Date of constitution: April, 1969 Present Status: Award given on July, 1980 |
2. Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal –I | States concerned: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Date of constitution: April, 1969 Present Status: Award given on May, 1976 |
3. Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal | States concerned: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra Date of constitution: October, 1969 Present Status: Award given on December, 1979 |
4. Ravi & Beas Water Tribunal | States concerned: Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan Date of constitution: April, 1986 Present Status: Report and decision given in April, 1987. Clarification / explanation sought from the Tribunal by the party States. Also, a Presidential Reference in the matter is before Supreme Court and as such the matter is sub-judice. |
5. Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal | States concerned: Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry Date of constitution: June, 1990 Present Status: Report and decision given on 5.2.2007. A Special Leave Petition (SLP) filed by party States in Hon’ble Supreme Court, as such the matter is sub-judice. |
6. Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal –II | States concerned: Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra Date of constitution: April, 2004 Present Status: Report and decision given on 30.12. 2010. However, as per Supreme Court Order dated 16.9.2011, till further order, decision taken by the Tribunal on references filed by States and Central Government shall not be published in the official Gazette. As such, matter is sub-judice. Term of the Tribunal has been extended for a further period of two years w.e.f. 1st August, 2014 to address the terms of reference as contained in section 89 of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The term of KWDT-II has further extended for period of one year w.e.f. 1st August, 2016. The matter is under adjudication in the Tribunal. The Government of Telangana has filed a SLP 33623-26 of 2014 and WP(C) 545 of 2015 in the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the matter. The matter is sub-judice. |
7. Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal | States concerned: Andhra Pradesh &Odisha Date of constitution: February, 2010 Present Status: Report and decision not given by the Tribunal. State of Odisha has filed an SLP in Supreme Court against the appointment of one of the Members of the Tribunal. The SLP in the matter filed by the State of Odisha in the Supreme Court is pending. The matter is sub-judice. Besides, Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal in its Order dated 17.12.2013 has directed to constitute a 3-member Protem Supervisory Flow Management and Regulation Committee on River Vansadhara to implement its Order. State Govt. of Odisha has filed Special Leave to Appeal (Civil) No.3392 of 2014 with regard to the Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal Judgement dated 17.12.2013. The matter is sub-judice. |
8. Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal | States concerned: Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra Date of constitution: November, 2010 Present Status: Report and Decision not given by the Tribunal. |
Article 246 of the Indian Constitution deals with the subject matter of laws to be made by the Parliament and by Legislature of the States. As most of the rivers in the country are interested, the regulation and development of the waters of these rivers, is a source of interstate differences and disputes. In the Constitution of India, water is a matter included in Entry 17 of List-II i.e. State List. The Union list under the entry of 56 envision that the power of the Union Government of India on the regulation and development of interstate rivers and river valleys to the extent declared by Parliament to be expedient in the public interest.
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