Important Sites of Indus Valley Civilization for UPSC Prelims

1.  Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan)

·        1^st excavated site

·        At the bank of Ravi river

·        Excavated by – Dayaram Sahni

·        Fortification of Citadel only not of the lower town

·        Things found:

1.    2 Graveyards outside the City

2.    Human figurines- Mother Goddess => Tree rise from Abdominal Gard

3.    Granary

 

2.  Mohenjo-Daro (Sind, Pakistan)

·        At the bank of Indus river

·        Excavated by – Rakhaldas Benerjee

·        No fortification of Citadel and Lower town

·        Things found:

1.    Cotton, Wool

2.    Great Bath (Bituminous, Gypsum used to make it strong and water proof

3.    Seal of Pashupati

4.    Assembly hall (90x90) built on burnt bricks pillars

5.    Dancing girl (Bronze) => Lost wax technique

6.    Seal of Mesopotamia

7.    Scale

 

Image Source: Wikipedia

3.  Chanhudaro (Sind, Pakistan)

·        Only site where there is no evidence of Citadel

·        Bead making factory

·        Ornament related manufacturing hub

·        Things found:

1.    Lipstick

2.    Razor, comb

 

 

4.  Sutkagandore (Pakistan)

·        Sea port

·        Main work => Export Import

·        Westernmost site

 

5.  Rakhigarhi (Haryana)

·        At the bank of Ghaggar river

·        Largest site of IVC

 

 

6.  Kalibanga (Rajasthan)

·        At the bank of Ghaggar river

·        Both Citadel and Lower town are fortified but separately

·        Earthquake evidences was found

·        Multi cropping and mix cropping evidences

·        Things found:

1.    Tillage land

2.    Fire alters

3.    Mesopotamian seal

4.    Wooden drainage system

5.    Bones of camel

6.    Circular and rectangular graves

 

7.  Lothal (Ahmedabad, Gujrat)

·        Bead making industry other than Chahnudaro

·        Entry from main streets

·        6 sections in the city

·        Things found:

1.    Dockyard connected to Bhagwa River, made up of Burnt bricks, Gypsum, Bituminous

2.    Graveyard => double burial

3.    Rice evidence

4.    Vase depicting thirsty crow

 

8.  Banawali (Haryana)

·        At the bank of Ghaggar river

·        Both Citadel and lower town are Fortified together

·        Things found:

1.    Fire Alter (Yagya Vedica)

2.    Plough prototype of terracotta

 

9.  Surkotda (Kutch, Gujrat)

·        Horse Skeleton

 

10. Dholabeera (Kutch, Gujrat)

·        City divided in 3 parts

·        Things found:

1.    Reservoir evidence

2.    Sign board containing Harappan script letters

 

11. Daimabad (Maharashtra)

·        Southernmost site

 

12. Manda (Jammu)

·        Northernmost site

 

13. Alamgirpur (Meerut, UP)

·        Near Hindun river

·        Easternmost site

 

14. Rangpur

·        Rice evidence

 

15. Mundigak (Afghanistan)

 

16. Sortogoi (Afghanistan)